What Every Parent-to-Be Should Know About Birth Defect Prevention
Having a baby is an exciting time. As a parent-to-be, you want to do everything you can to help your baby grow healthy and strong. One way to do this is by learning about birth defects and how to lower the risk.
What Is a Birth Defect?
A birth defect is a health problem that a baby is born with. Some birth defects can be seen right away. Others, like heart problems or hearing loss, may not be found until tests are done.
Examples of Birth Defects:
- Cleft lip (a split in the upper lip)
- Bone or foot problems, like clubfoot
- Heart problems
- Sickle cell anemia
- Fetal alcohol syndrome
- Chromosomal disorders (like Down syndrome)
What Causes Birth Defects?
Some birth defects come from genes passed down by parents. Others can happen because of hormone problems or things a baby is exposed to during pregnancy—like alcohol, drugs, certain medicines, or chemicals.
How Can You Tell If a Baby Has a Birth Defect?
Before birth, signs can include:
- Abnormal protein levels in a blood test
- Extra fluid behind the baby’s neck in an ultrasound
- Problems with the baby’s organs
After birth, signs may include:
- Trouble breathing
- Not reacting to loud sounds or voices
- Eyes not following movement
- Unusual heartbeat
How Are Birth Defects Diagnosed?
Doctors use tests like:
- Blood screens
- Ultrasounds
- MRI (a scan to see inside the body)
What Can Increase the Risk of Birth Defects?
Your baby may have a higher risk if:
- You or your partner has a family history of birth defects
- You have had a child who had birth defects before
- You have diabetes, are very overweight, or have an infection
- You use drugs or alcohol during pregnancy
How Can You Lower the Risk?
While not all birth defects can be stopped, you can lower the risk by:
- Getting care before and during pregnancy
- Taking a multivitamin with 400 micrograms of folic acid every day
- Avoiding alcohol, drugs, and smoking
- Treating infections like STIs before getting pregnant
- Staying away from harmful things like lead, mercury, or too much vitamin A
- Talking to your doctor about safe medicines and healthy habits
How Are Birth Defects Treated?
Treatments depend on the kind of birth defect. They may include:
- Surgery
- Medicines
- Therapy or special tools like hearing aids or glasses
FAQs: Birth Defect Prevention
No, but many risks can be lowered with good prenatal care.
A daily prenatal vitamin with 400 mcg of folic acid is important.
Always check with your doctor first.
Yes. A doctor can help you plan for a healthy pregnancy.
Yes. Ask your doctor or local hospital for recommendations.
Sources:
https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/reducing-risks-of-birth-defects
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/preventing-and-treating-birth-defects-what-you-need-to-know
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12230-birth-defects
